Handbook of human factors and ergonomics / edited by Gavriel Salvendy and Waldemar Karwowski

Gavriel Salvendy, PhD, is University Distinguished Professor at the College of Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Central Florida, Founding President of the Academy of Science, Engineering, and Medicine of Florida, and a member of the National Academy of Engineering (NAE). He is also Professor Emeritus of Industrial Engineering at Purdue University and Chair Professor Emeritus and Founding Head of the Department of Industrial Engineering at Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China.

Waldemar Karwowski, PhD, is Pegasus Professor and Chairman of the Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems and Executive Director of the Institute for Advanced Systems Engineering at the University of Central Florida. He is a Past President of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society and a Past President of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA). He is the recipient of three Honorary Doctorates from three countries.

Includes index.

About the Editors ix

Contributors xi

Foreword xxi

Preface xxiii

1. Human Factors Function 1

1. The Discipline of Human Factors and Ergonomics 3
Waldemar Karwowski and Wei Zhang

2. Human Systems Integration and Design 38
Guy A. Boy

2. Human Factors Fundamentals 55

3. Sensation and Perception 57
Robert W. Proctor and Janet D. Proctor

4. Selection and Control of Action 91
Robert W. Proctor and Kim-Phuong L. Vu

5. Information Processing 114
Christopher D. Wickens and C. Melody Carswell

6. Decision-Making Models, Decision Support, and Problem Solving 159
Mark R. Lehto and Gaurav Nanda

7. Mental Workload 203
G.M. Hancock, L. Longo, M.S. Young, and P.A. Hancock

8. Social and Organizational Foundation of Ergonomics: Multi-Level Systems Approaches 227
Pascale Carayon

9. Emotional Design 236
Feng Zhou, Yangjian Ji, and Roger Jianxin Jiao

10. Cross-Cultural Design 252
Tom Plocher, Pei-Luen Patrick Rau, Yee-Yin Choong, and Zhi Guo

3. Design of Equipment, Tasks, Jobs, and Environments 281

11. Three-Dimensional (3D) Anthropometry and Its Applications in Product Design 283
Liang Ma and Jianwei Niu

12. Basic Biomechanics and Workplace Design 303
William S. Marras and Waldemar Karwowski

13. The Changing Nature of Task Analysis 358
Erik Hollnagel

14. Workplace Design 368
Nicolas Marmaras and Dimitris Nathanael

15. Job and Team Design 383
Frederick P. Morgeson and Michael A. Campion

16. Design, Delivery, Evaluation, and Transfer of Effective Training Systems 414
Tiffany M. Bisbey, Rebecca Grossman, Kareem Panton, Chris W. Coultas, and Eduardo Salas

17. Situation Awareness 434
Mica R. Endsley

4. Design for Health, Safety, and Comfort 457

18. Sound and Noise: Measurement and Design Guidance 459
John G. Casali

19. Vibration and Motion 494
Neil J. Mansfield and Michael J. Griffin

20. Human Errors and Human Reliability 514
Peng Liu, Renyou Zhang, Zijian Yin, and Zhizhong Li

21. Occupational Safety and Health Management 573
Jeanne Mager Stellman, Sonalee Rau, and Pratik Thaker

22. Managing low-Back Disorder Risk in the Workplace 597
William S. Marras and Waldemar Karwowski

23. Manual Materials Handling: Evaluation and Practical Considerations 630
Fadi A. Fathallah and Ira Janowitz

24. Warnings and Hazard Communications 644
Michael S. Wogalter, Christopher B. Mayhorn, and Kenneth R. Laughery, Sr.

25. Use of Personal Protective Equipment 668
Grażyna Bartkowiak, Krzysztof Baszczyński, Anna Bogdan, Agnieszka Brochocka, Anna Dąbrowska, Rafał Hrynyk, Emilia Irzmańska, Danuta Koradecka, Emil Kozłowski, Katarzyna Majchrzycka, Krzysztof Makowski, Anna Marszałek, Magdalena Młynarczyk, Rafał Młyński, Grzegorz Owczarek, and Janżera

5. Human Performance Modeling 685

26. Mathematical Modeling in Human–Machine System Design and Evaluation 687
Changxu Wu and Yili Liu

27. Modeling and Simulation of Human Systems 704
Gunther E. Paul

28. Human Supervisory Control of Automation 736
Thomas B. Sheridan

29. Digital Human Modeling in Design 761
Vincent G. Duffy

30. Extended Reality (XR) Environments 782
Kay M. Stanney, Hannah Nye, Sam Haddad, Kelly S. Hale, Christina K. Padron, and Joseph V. Cohn

31. Neuroergonomics 816
Hasan Ayaz and Frédéric Dehais

6. System Evaluation 843

32. Accident and Incident Investigation 845
Patrick G. Dempsey

33. Human Factors and Ergonomics Audits 853
Colin G. Drury and Patrick G. Dempsey

34. Cost/Benefit Analysis for Human Systems Investments 880
William B. Rouse and Dennis K. McBride

7. Human–Computer Interaction 893

35. Data Visualization 895
Sumanta N. Pattanaik and R. Paul Wiegand

36. Representation Design 947
John M. Flach, Kevin B. Bennett, Jonathan W. Butler, and Michael A. Heroux

37. Collecting and Analyzing User Insights 960
Matthias Peissner, Kathrin Pollmann, and Nora Fronemann

38. Usability and User Experience: Design and Evaluation 972
James R. Lewis and Jeff Sauro

39. Website Design and Evaluation 1016
Kim-Phuong L. Vu, Robert W. Proctor, and Ya-Hsin Hung

40. Mobile Systems Design and Evaluation 1037
June Wei and Siyi Dong

41. Human Factors in Ambient Intelligence Environments 1058
Constantine Stephanidis, Margherita Antona, and Stavroula Ntoa

42. Human-Centered Design of Artificial Intelligence 1085
George Margetis, Stavroula Ntoa, Margherita Antona, and Constantine Stephanidis

43. Cybersecurity, Privacy, and Trust 1107
Abbas Moallem

44. Human–Robot Interaction 1121
Jessie Y.C. Chen and Michael J. Barnes

45. Human Factors in Social Media 1143
Qin Gao and Yue Chen

8. Design for Individual Differences 1187

46. Design for All in Digital Technologies 1189
Constantine Stephanidis

47. Design for People Experiencing Functional Limitations 1216
Gregg C. Vanderheiden, J. Bern Jordan, and Jonathan Lazar

48. Design for Aging 1249
Jia Zhou and Qin Gao

49. Design of Digital Technologies for Children 1287
Panos Markopoulos, Janet C. Read, and Michail Giannakos

9. Selected Applications 1305

50. Human Factors and Ergonomics Standards 1307
Waldemar Karwowski, Redha Taiar, David Rodrick, Bohdana Sherehiy, and Robert R. Fox

51. Data Analytics in Human Factors 1351
Matt Holman, Guy Walker, Melissa Bedinger, Annie Visser-Quinn, Kerri McClymont, Lindsay Beevers, and Terry Lansdown

52. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Design of A3: Automation, Autonomy, and Artificial Intelligence 1385
Ben D. Sawyer, Dave B. Miller, Matthew Canham, and Waldemar Karwowski

53. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Health Care 1417
Pascale Carayon, Kathryn Wust, Bat-Zion Hose, and Megan E. Salwei

54. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Digital Manufacturing 1438
Dieter Spath and Martin Braun

55. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Aviation 1460
Steven J. Landry

56. Human Side of Space Exploration and Habitation 1480
Kevin R. Duda, Dava J. Newman, Joanna Zhang, Nicolas Meirhaeghe, and H. Larissa Zhou

57. Human Factors and Ergonomics for Sustainability 1512
Klaus Fischer, Andrew Thatcher, and Klaus J. Zink

Index 1529

In the newly revised Fifth Edition of Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics, Drs. Gavriel Salvendy and Waldemar Karwowski deliver a comprehensive exploration of workplace environment design, human-machine interfaces, and cutting-edge research on the reduction of health and safety risks. The editors have compiled practical material from an international team of leading experts in ergonomics and human factors that will benefit specialists in the area, as well as safety engineers and human-computer interaction specialists.

The Handbook includes information culled from over 7500 sources and features brand new coverage in areas like artificial intelligence, social media, information technology and cybersecurity, and data analytics. Numerous case studies demonstrate the real-world application of the concepts and methods discussed within and showcase the extraordinary developments in the field since the publication of the Fourth Edition in 2012.

Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of:

A thorough introduction to the human factors function, including the discipline of human factors and ergonomics and human systems design and integration
An exploration of the fundamentals of human factors, including sensation and perception, selection and action control, information processing, and mental workload
Discussions of the design of equipment, tasks, jobs, and environments, including workplace design, task analysis and design, and training systems
An in-depth treatment of design for health, safety, and comfort, including low-back and upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders and the use of personal protective equipment
Perfect for ergonomics and human factors engineers at any level of their careers, Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics will also earn a place in the libraries of design engineers, applied psychologists, human-computer interaction specialists, engineering and technology managers, and safety professionals and industrial hygienists.