Energy production systems engineering / Thomas H. Blair.

By: Blair, Thomas H [author]
Language: English Series: IEEE Press series on power engineeringPublisher: Piscataway, New Jersey : The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., [2017]Copyright date: c2017Description: xxix, 798 pages : illustrations ; 25 cmContent type: text Media type: unmediated Carrier type: volumeISBN: 9781119238003Subject(s): Electric power production | Electrical engineeringDDC classification: 621.3121
Contents:
Table of Contents LIST OF FIGURES xiii LIST OF TABLES xxi LIST OF ANNEX xxv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xxvii INTRODUCTION xxix CHAPTER 1 ELECTRICAL SAFETY 1 Installation Safety Requirements?General Industry (NEC®) 5 Installation Safety Requirements?Special Industry ? Utility (NESC) 7 Safe Work Practice Requirements 11 Electrical PPE 15 ARC Flash Analysis Utilizing NFPA 70E Tables 21 Hazardous/Classified Areas 25 Classified Area ? ?Class? System 26 Classified Area ? ?Zone? System 32 Boiler Control and Burner Management 34 Glossary of Terms 37 Problems 39 Recommended Reading 41 CHAPTER 2 BASIC THERMAL CYCLES 43 Steam Thermodynamic Analysis Fundamentals 43 Pressure, Temperature, and Volume Relationships 60 Heat Rate 70 Gas Thermodynamic Analysis Fundamentals 72 Glossary of Terms 77 Problems 78 Recommended Reading 81 CHAPTER 3 BOILERS AND STEAM GENERATORS 83 Air Preheater 95 Cooling Towers 98 Glossary of Terms 102 Problems 104 Recommended Reading 105 CHAPTER 4 FOSSIL FUELS AND THE BASIC COMBUSTION PROCESS 107 Combustible Fuel 107 Oxygen 108 Fossil Fuels 115 Natural Gas 118 Fuel Oil 119 Glossary of Terms 120 Problems 122 Recommended Reading 122 CHAPTER 5 HYDRAULIC TURBINES 123 Hydraulic Reaction Turbines 127 Hydraulic Impulse Turbines 128 Kinetic Energy Hydraulic Turbines 128 Glossary of Terms 129 Problems 130 Recommended Reading 130 CHAPTER 6 NUCLEAR POWER 131 Boiling Water Reactor 137 Pressurized Water Reactor 139 Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor 142 Pressure Tube Graphite Reactor 142 High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor 143 Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor 143 Nuclear Power Safety 143 Units of Activity 147 Units of Exposure 148 Glossary of Terms 151 Problems 154 Recommended Reading 157 CHAPTER 7 CONVEYORS 159 Belt Conveyor 161 Pneumatic Conveyor Systems 171 Rotary Screw Conveyor System 171 Vibrating Conveyor System 171 Conveyor Safety 172 Glossary of Terms 172 Problems 173 Recommended Reading 174 CHAPTER 8 FANS 175 Centrifugal Fan (Radial Airflow) 176 Axial Fan (Axial Airflow) 183 Centrifugal Fan Fundamental Laws 183 Glossary of Terms 185 Problems 186 Recommended Reading 187 CHAPTER 9 PUMPS 189 System Resistance Curves 189 Centrifugal Pump 195 Axial Flow Pump 204 Positive Displacement Pump 205 Glossary of Terms 206 Problems 207 Recommended Reading 207 CHAPTER 10 CONDENSER COOLING SYSTEM 209 Condenser Cooling 209 Condenser Operation 213 Condenser Safety Precautions 214 Glossary of Terms 215 Problems 216 Recommended Reading 216 CHAPTER 11 STEAM TURBINES 217 Turbine Safety 231 Turbine Vibration 233 Glossary of Terms 239 Problems 241 Recommended Reading 243 CHAPTER 12 GAS TURBINES 245 Glossary of Terms 255 Problems 256 Recommended Reading 257 CHAPTER 13 RECIPROCATING ENGINES 259 Glossary of Terms 269 Problems 271 Recommended Reading 272 CHAPTER 14 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM 273 Distribution System Configuration 277 Enclosures 283 Busway Applications 284 Cables 289 Cable Testing 313 Megger Testing 313 High Potential Testing 314 Acceptance 317 Cathodic Protection 317 Glossary of Terms 319 Problems 321 Recommended Reading 324 CHAPTER 15 TRANSFORMERS AND REACTORS 325 Glossary of Terms 345 Problems 346 Recommended Reading 347 CHAPTER 16 GENERATORS 349 Generator Protection 383 Glossary of Terms 386 Problems 388 Recommended Reading 389 CHAPTER 17 MOTORS 391 Reduced Voltage Starting Methods 416 Glossary of Terms 435 Problems 437 Recommended Reading 439 CHAPTER 18 VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVE SYSTEMS 441 Harmonics 458 Glossary of Terms 465 Problems 465 Recommended Reading 466 CHAPTER 19 SWITCHGEAR 467 Glossary of Terms 480 Problems 481 Recommended Reading 482 CHAPTER 20 BATTERY/VITAL BUS SYSTEMS 483 Design of Battery Systems (DC System Load and Battery Capacity) 489 Design of Battery Systems (Battery Charger) 496 Glossary of Terms 497 Problems 498 Recommended Reading 498 CHAPTER 21 GROUND SYSTEM 499 Ungrounded System 500 Resistance Grounded System 503 Reactance Grounded System 504 Solidly Grounded System 506 Glossary of Terms 513 Problems 514 Recommended Reading 515 CHAPTER 22 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM PROTECTION AND COORDINATION 517 Glossary of Terms 531 Problems 532 Recommended Reading 533 CHAPTER 23 CONTROL SYSTEMS 535 Glossary of Terms 554 Problems 555 Recommended Reading 556 CHAPTER 24 INSTRUMENTS AND METERS 557 Temperature 561 Flow 566 Pressure 568 Level 570 Instrument Identification Standards 584 Glossary of Terms 599 Problems 599 Recommended Reading 602 CHAPTER 25 VALVES AND ACTUATORS 603 Valve Types 607 Ball Valve 607 Check Valve 609 Gate Valve 610 Globe Valve 611 Relief Valve 612 Valve Losses 613 Glossary of Terms 621 Problems 622 Recommended Reading 623 CHAPTER 26 EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEMS 625 Particulate Emission Control 626 Nitrogen Oxides Emissions Control 628 Combustion Control of Nox 629 Post-Combustion Control of NOx 630 Sulfur Dioxide Emissions Control (Scrubber) 632 Continuous Emission Monitoring System (CEMS) 635 Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and Greenhouse Gas Emission Control 636 Glossary of Terms 644 Problems 645 Recommended Reading 646 CHAPTER 27 WATER TREATMENT 647 Flow 650 Areas and Volumes 652 Volume 652 Detention Time 654 Dosage 654 Process Removal Efficiency 655 Pump Calculations 656 Glossary of Terms 659 Problems 659 Recommended Reading 661 CHAPTER 28 SOLAR AND WIND ENERGY 663 Wind Energy 663 Thermal Solar Energy 666 Parabolic Trough Solar Field Technology 667 Solar Power Towers 669 Dish System 670 Photovoltaic Solar Energy 670 Glossary of Terms 678 Problems 679 Recommended Reading 679 ANNEXES 681 INDEX 783
Summary: Energy Production Systems Engineering presents IEEE, Electrical Apparatus Service Association (EASA), and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards of engineering systems and equipment in utility electric generation stations. Electrical engineers that practice in the energy industry must understand the specific characteristics of electrical and mechanical equipment commonly applied to energy production and conversion processes, including the mechanical and chemical processes involved, in order to design, operate and maintain electrical systems that support and enable these processes. To aid this understanding, Energy Production Systems Engineeringdescribes the equipment and systems found in various types of utility electric generation stations. This information is accompanied by examples and practice problems. It also addresses common issues of electrical safety that arise in electric generation stations. . Introduces fundamental safety requirements from NFPA70 (National Electrical Code), NFPA70E (Electrical Safety in the Workplace), and IEEE C2 (National Electrical Safety Code) . Provides methods for measuring radioactivity and exposure limits. Includes IEEE, American Petroleum Institute (API), and National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) standards for motor applications. Introduces the IEEE C37 series of standards, which describe the proper selections and applications of switchgear. Describes how to use IEEE 80 to calculate the touch and step potential of a ground grid design. Shows how to perform cable pulling tension calculations . Explains fundamental thermodynamic calculations utilized for heat balance in steam plants. Introduces renewable technologies such as wind and solar power There are several different types of energy production systems or electric power systems, which supply, transmit, and use power in different ways. Each system utilizes different equipment and has its own set of standards to follow in order for the system to be operated safely and reliably. This book enables engineers and students to acquire through study the pragmatic knowledge and skills in the field that could take years to acquire through experience alone.
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Thomas Howard Blair is an Engineering Fellow at Tampa Electric Company, USA, and a member of IEEE. He received his BSEE and MSEE from University of South Florida. He was previously an adjunct professor at the University of South Florida-Polytechnic, teaching graduate courses such as Electric Machines and Drives, and Energy Production Systems Engineering. Mr. Blair is a graduate of the U.S. Navy Nuclear Power School. Mr. Blair is a registered professional engineer in the state of Florida, USA.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Table of Contents

LIST OF FIGURES xiii
LIST OF TABLES xxi

LIST OF ANNEX xxv

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xxvii

INTRODUCTION xxix

CHAPTER 1 ELECTRICAL SAFETY 1

Installation Safety Requirements?General Industry (NEC®) 5

Installation Safety Requirements?Special Industry ? Utility (NESC) 7

Safe Work Practice Requirements 11

Electrical PPE 15

ARC Flash Analysis Utilizing NFPA 70E Tables 21

Hazardous/Classified Areas 25

Classified Area ? ?Class? System 26

Classified Area ? ?Zone? System 32

Boiler Control and Burner Management 34

Glossary of Terms 37

Problems 39

Recommended Reading 41

CHAPTER 2 BASIC THERMAL CYCLES 43

Steam Thermodynamic Analysis Fundamentals 43

Pressure, Temperature, and Volume Relationships 60

Heat Rate 70

Gas Thermodynamic Analysis Fundamentals 72

Glossary of Terms 77

Problems 78

Recommended Reading 81

CHAPTER 3 BOILERS AND STEAM GENERATORS 83

Air Preheater 95

Cooling Towers 98

Glossary of Terms 102

Problems 104

Recommended Reading 105

CHAPTER 4 FOSSIL FUELS AND THE BASIC COMBUSTION PROCESS 107

Combustible Fuel 107

Oxygen 108

Fossil Fuels 115

Natural Gas 118

Fuel Oil 119

Glossary of Terms 120

Problems 122

Recommended Reading 122

CHAPTER 5 HYDRAULIC TURBINES 123

Hydraulic Reaction Turbines 127

Hydraulic Impulse Turbines 128

Kinetic Energy Hydraulic Turbines 128

Glossary of Terms 129

Problems 130

Recommended Reading 130

CHAPTER 6 NUCLEAR POWER 131

Boiling Water Reactor 137

Pressurized Water Reactor 139

Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor 142

Pressure Tube Graphite Reactor 142

High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor 143

Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor 143

Nuclear Power Safety 143

Units of Activity 147

Units of Exposure 148

Glossary of Terms 151

Problems 154

Recommended Reading 157

CHAPTER 7 CONVEYORS 159

Belt Conveyor 161

Pneumatic Conveyor Systems 171

Rotary Screw Conveyor System 171

Vibrating Conveyor System 171

Conveyor Safety 172

Glossary of Terms 172

Problems 173

Recommended Reading 174

CHAPTER 8 FANS 175

Centrifugal Fan (Radial Airflow) 176

Axial Fan (Axial Airflow) 183

Centrifugal Fan Fundamental Laws 183

Glossary of Terms 185

Problems 186

Recommended Reading 187

CHAPTER 9 PUMPS 189

System Resistance Curves 189

Centrifugal Pump 195

Axial Flow Pump 204

Positive Displacement Pump 205

Glossary of Terms 206

Problems 207

Recommended Reading 207

CHAPTER 10 CONDENSER COOLING SYSTEM 209

Condenser Cooling 209

Condenser Operation 213

Condenser Safety Precautions 214

Glossary of Terms 215

Problems 216

Recommended Reading 216

CHAPTER 11 STEAM TURBINES 217

Turbine Safety 231

Turbine Vibration 233

Glossary of Terms 239

Problems 241

Recommended Reading 243

CHAPTER 12 GAS TURBINES 245

Glossary of Terms 255

Problems 256

Recommended Reading 257

CHAPTER 13 RECIPROCATING ENGINES 259

Glossary of Terms 269

Problems 271

Recommended Reading 272

CHAPTER 14 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM 273

Distribution System Configuration 277

Enclosures 283

Busway Applications 284

Cables 289

Cable Testing 313

Megger Testing 313

High Potential Testing 314

Acceptance 317

Cathodic Protection 317

Glossary of Terms 319

Problems 321

Recommended Reading 324

CHAPTER 15 TRANSFORMERS AND REACTORS 325

Glossary of Terms 345

Problems 346

Recommended Reading 347

CHAPTER 16 GENERATORS 349

Generator Protection 383

Glossary of Terms 386

Problems 388

Recommended Reading 389

CHAPTER 17 MOTORS 391

Reduced Voltage Starting Methods 416

Glossary of Terms 435

Problems 437

Recommended Reading 439

CHAPTER 18 VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVE SYSTEMS 441

Harmonics 458

Glossary of Terms 465

Problems 465

Recommended Reading 466

CHAPTER 19 SWITCHGEAR 467

Glossary of Terms 480

Problems 481

Recommended Reading 482

CHAPTER 20 BATTERY/VITAL BUS SYSTEMS 483

Design of Battery Systems (DC System Load and Battery Capacity) 489

Design of Battery Systems (Battery Charger) 496

Glossary of Terms 497

Problems 498

Recommended Reading 498

CHAPTER 21 GROUND SYSTEM 499

Ungrounded System 500

Resistance Grounded System 503

Reactance Grounded System 504

Solidly Grounded System 506

Glossary of Terms 513

Problems 514

Recommended Reading 515

CHAPTER 22 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM PROTECTION AND COORDINATION 517

Glossary of Terms 531

Problems 532

Recommended Reading 533

CHAPTER 23 CONTROL SYSTEMS 535

Glossary of Terms 554

Problems 555

Recommended Reading 556

CHAPTER 24 INSTRUMENTS AND METERS 557

Temperature 561

Flow 566

Pressure 568

Level 570

Instrument Identification Standards 584

Glossary of Terms 599

Problems 599

Recommended Reading 602

CHAPTER 25 VALVES AND ACTUATORS 603

Valve Types 607

Ball Valve 607

Check Valve 609

Gate Valve 610

Globe Valve 611

Relief Valve 612

Valve Losses 613

Glossary of Terms 621

Problems 622

Recommended Reading 623

CHAPTER 26 EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEMS 625

Particulate Emission Control 626

Nitrogen Oxides Emissions Control 628

Combustion Control of Nox 629

Post-Combustion Control of NOx 630

Sulfur Dioxide Emissions Control (Scrubber) 632

Continuous Emission Monitoring System (CEMS) 635

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and Greenhouse Gas Emission Control 636

Glossary of Terms 644

Problems 645

Recommended Reading 646

CHAPTER 27 WATER TREATMENT 647

Flow 650

Areas and Volumes 652

Volume 652

Detention Time 654

Dosage 654

Process Removal Efficiency 655

Pump Calculations 656

Glossary of Terms 659

Problems 659

Recommended Reading 661

CHAPTER 28 SOLAR AND WIND ENERGY 663

Wind Energy 663

Thermal Solar Energy 666

Parabolic Trough Solar Field Technology 667

Solar Power Towers 669

Dish System 670

Photovoltaic Solar Energy 670

Glossary of Terms 678

Problems 679

Recommended Reading 679

ANNEXES 681

INDEX 783

Energy Production Systems Engineering presents IEEE, Electrical Apparatus Service Association (EASA), and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards of engineering systems and equipment in utility electric generation stations. Electrical engineers that practice in the energy industry must understand the specific characteristics of electrical and mechanical equipment commonly applied to energy production and conversion processes, including the mechanical and chemical processes involved, in order to design, operate and maintain electrical systems that support and enable these processes. To aid this understanding, Energy Production Systems Engineeringdescribes the equipment and systems found in various types of utility electric generation stations. This information is accompanied by examples and practice problems. It also addresses common issues of electrical safety that arise in electric generation stations. . Introduces fundamental safety requirements from NFPA70 (National Electrical Code), NFPA70E (Electrical Safety in the Workplace), and IEEE C2 (National Electrical Safety Code) . Provides methods for measuring radioactivity and exposure limits. Includes IEEE, American Petroleum Institute (API), and National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) standards for motor applications. Introduces the IEEE C37 series of standards, which describe the proper selections and applications of switchgear. Describes how to use IEEE 80 to calculate the touch and step potential of a ground grid design. Shows how to perform cable pulling tension calculations . Explains fundamental thermodynamic calculations utilized for heat balance in steam plants. Introduces renewable technologies such as wind and solar power There are several different types of energy production systems or electric power systems, which supply, transmit, and use power in different ways. Each system utilizes different equipment and has its own set of standards to follow in order for the system to be operated safely and reliably. This book enables engineers and students to acquire through study the pragmatic knowledge and skills in the field that could take years to acquire through experience alone.

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