Remediating reading difficulties / Sharon J. Crawley, King Merritt

Includes index

Includes bibliographical references

UNIT I: EMERGENT/BEGINNING LITERACY SKILLS 1
1 Concepts of Print 3
Environmental Print 4
Language Experience 8
2 Letter Identification 13
3 Phonemic Awareness 21
Hearing and Generating Rhyming Words 22
Hearing Initial Phonemes 25
Segmenting Words into Phonemes 27
Blending Sounds into Words 29
UNIT II: WORD ANALYSIS SKILLS 31
4 Sight Word Recognition 33
5 Picture Clues 43
6 Phonic Analysis 46
Teaching Consonants 47
Teaching Vowels 51
7 Syllabic Analysis 56
UNIT III: VOCABULARY 59
8 Graphic Organizers 63
Word Walls 64
Logo and Pictomaps 65
Semantic Maps 66
Definition Word Maps 68
Semantic Feature Analysis 69
9 Morphology 71
Compound Words 71
Contractions 73
Affixes and Root Words 76
10 Context 79
11 Word Relationships 83
Synonyms 84
Homophones (Homonymns) 85
Homographs/Multiple Meanings/Figurative Language 86
12 Extending an Interest in Vocabulary 88
UNIT IV: FLUENCY 97
13 Major Fluency Strategies 101
Repeated Readings 102
Choral Reading 103
Echo Reading 104
Paired Reading 104
Radio Reading 105
Readers' Theater 105
Tape-Assisted Reading 106
14 Fluency Miscues 108
Decreasing Reversals 109
Decreasing Omissions 111
Decreasing Substitutions 112
Decreasing Nonpronunciations 114
Decreasing Repetitions 115
Decreasing Insertions 117
15 Decreasing Faulty Habits 119
Subvocalization and Lip Movements 119
Finger Pointing 120
Head Movements 121
UNIT V: TEXT COMPREHENSION 123
16 Preparing Students to Read 127
Preparational Stratagies 127
Brainstorming 129
K-W-L 129
List-Group-Label 130
Anticipation Guide 131
Probable Passages 132
Think Sheet 133
17 Organizational Structures 136
Guidelines for Shared Reading 137
Details and Listing 138
Sequence and Following Directions 145
Main Ideas 149
Comparison/Contrast 153
Cause/Effect 155
Summarizing and Story Structure 157
18 Elaborative Structures 160
Inferences 160
Critical/Evaluative Literacy 165
Forming Mental Images 168
Metacognition 170
19 Questioning Structures 174
Guidelines for Asking Questions 175
Think-Alouds 176
Questioning the Author 178
ReQuest 178
Reciprocal Teaching 179
Inquiry Charts 179
20 Teaching Structures 182
Guided Reading Procedures 182
Directed Reading Activity (DRA) 183
Directed Reading-Thinking Activity (DRTA) 184
UNIT VI: STUDY SKILLS 185
21 Adjusting Reading Rate 187
Increasing Rate 188
Decreasing Rate 190
Skimming 190
Scanning 191
22 Memory and Study Aids 193
SQ3R 194
Three-Column Read/Recall Chart 194
Outlining 195
Text Mark-Ups 196
Think-Pair-Write-Share 196
Mnemonics 197
Personal Planning and Organization 197
23 Listening 199
UNIT VII: AFFECTIVE AREAS 203
24 Improving Self-Concept 205
25 Developing Interests 207
Literature Circles 214
Interest Inventory 215
26 Suggestions for Parents 216
Generic Activities 216
More Specific Activities 217
Activities for Parents of ESL Students 219
Parent (Guardian) Interview 220
UNIT VIII: SPECIALIZED APPROACHES 223
27 Kinesthetic Method 225
28 Neurological Impress Method 227
29 Reading Recovery Method 229
30 Language Experience 232
UNIT IX: SPEAKERS OF OTHER LANGUAGES 235
31 Characteristics of ESL Students 237
Characteristics of ESL Students/Schools in Native Countries 237
Language Interference 238
32 Teaching ESL Students 242
General Suggestions 242
Suggestions for Reading/Literacy 243
Appendix A Major Word Analysis Generalizations A-1
Appendix B Word Lists for Word Analysis Elements A-7
Appendix C Common Phonograms (Rimes) A-24
Appendix D Developing a Teaching Kit A-31
Appendix E Award-Winning Books A-33
Appendix F Trade Books for Challenged Readers A-48
Appendix G Commercial Books, Kits, and Workbooks
for Instruction A-58
Appendix H Multimedia, Including Games, Software,
Electronics, and Writing Activities A-68
Appendix I Publishing Companies A-77
References R-1
Index I-1

"Brief and accessible, the fifth edition defines specific reading skills and problems and then presents practical, easy-to-implement activities and strategies for correcting these problems."--Jacket

Primary