Understanding international relations / Chris Brown with Kirsten Ainley.--

By: Brown, Chris, 1945- [Author]
Contributor(s): Ainley, Kirsten
Publisher: Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire ; New York : Palgrave Macmillan, 2005Edition: 3rd editionDescription: xvii, 294 pages 25 cmISBN: 9781403946638 (hdbk.); 1403946639 (hdbk.); 9781403946645 (pbk.); 1403946647 (pbk.)Subject(s): International relationsDDC classification: 327 LOC classification: JZ1305 | .B76 2005Online resources: Contributor biographical information | Publisher description | Table of contents only
Contents:
About the Author x Preface xi Acknowledgments xii Abbreviations xiii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 The Evolution of Mobile Antennas 2 1.2 How to Quantitatively Evaluate an Antenna 10 1.3 The Limits of Antenna Designs 12 1.4 The Trade ]Offs in Antenna Designs 14 1.5 Mobile Communication and Band Allocations 16 1.6 Quickly Building a Simple Antenna a Practical Example 18 References 27 2 Antenna Matching 28 2.1 The Smith Chart 29 2.2 Single ]Band Matching 33 2.2.1 Matching with Lumped Elements 33 2.2.2 Different Ways to Accomplish a Single ]Band Matching 36 2.2.3 Matching with Both Transmission Line and Lumped Elements 39 2.2.4 Bandwidth Consideration 42 2.3 Dual ]Band Matching 50 2.4 Reconfigurable Matching 55 2.4.1 Reconfigurable Matching Varactor ]Based 55 2.4.2 Reconfigurable Matching Switch ]Based 60 References 63 3 External Antenna 65 3.1 Stubby Antennas 66 3.1.1 Single ]Band Helix Stubby Antenna 67 3.1.2 Multiband Helix Stubby Antenna 86 3.1.3 Ultra ]Wideband Stubby Antenna 109 3.2 Whip Stubby (Retractable) Antenna 117 3.2.1 Decoupled Whip Stubby Antenna 119 3.2.2 Semi ]Decoupled Whip Stubby Antenna 121 3.3 Meander Line Stubby Antenna 126 3.4 Effect of Ground Plane 131 References 136 4 Internal Antenna 138 4.1 Inverted ]F Antenna 141 4.2 Planar IFA 146 4.2.1 Single ]Band PIFA 146 4.2.2 Multiband PIFA Antenna with Slits 149 4.2.3 Multiband PIFA with Separate Branches 157 4.2.4 Multiband PIFA with Parasitic Element 158 4.2.5 Manufacturing PIFA Antenna 159 4.3 Folded Monopole Antenna 163 4.4 Loop Antenna 167 4.5 Ceramic Antenna 172 4.5.1 Monopole ]Type Ceramic Antenna 173 4.5.2 IFA ]Type Ceramic Antenna 176 4.5.3 Loop ]Type Ceramic Antenna 177 4.6 Slot Antenna 179 4.7 Design a Hepta ]Band Antenna with Multiple Radiators and Multiple Modes 185 4.8 Design a Reconfigurable Hepta ]Band Antenna 191 4.9 MIMO Antennas 200 4.9.1 Explaining Capacity Boost Effect Through the Antenna Point of View 200 4.9.2 Antenna Correlation and Antenna Isolation 207 4.9.3 Improve Isolation Between Antennas 209 4.10 Antennas in Recently Released Phones 211 4.10.1 Entry ]Level Phone 211 4.10.2 Flagship Phone 221 References 226 5 Antenna Measurement 229 5.1 Passive Antenna Measurement 229 5.1.1 Measurement on a Vector Network Analyzer 229 5.1.2 Fixture 234 5.1.3 Passive Chamber Measurement 246 5.2 Active Antenna (Over the Air) Measurement 253 5.2.1 EIRP, ERP, and TRP 253 5.2.2 EIS and TIS 256 5.2.3 Sensitivity Degradation Due to Interference 259 5.3 Antenna Measurements in the Production Line 262 5.4 Multiple Input and Multiple Output Antenna Test 271 References 275 6 Regulations Related to Antenna Engineers 276 6.1 Specific Absorption Rate 276 6.1.1 Definition and Measurement Method of SAR 277 6.1.2 SAR Limits in the United States and Europe 283 6.1.3 Controlling SAR 285 6.1.4 Updates on SAR Requirement 294 6.2 Hearing Aid Compatibility 296 6.2.1 HAC Measurement 296 6.2.2 HAC Specification in the United States 299 6.2.3 Updates on HAC Requirement 303 6.3 Electromagnetic Compatibility 304 References 305 Appendix: User Manual for ZJ-Antenna-Matching Software 307 Index 314
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Includes bibliographical references (p. 255-285) and index.

About the Author x Preface xi Acknowledgments xii Abbreviations xiii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 The Evolution of Mobile Antennas 2 1.2 How to Quantitatively Evaluate an Antenna 10 1.3 The Limits of Antenna Designs 12 1.4 The Trade ]Offs in Antenna Designs 14 1.5 Mobile Communication and Band Allocations 16 1.6 Quickly Building a Simple Antenna a Practical Example 18 References 27 2 Antenna Matching 28 2.1 The Smith Chart 29 2.2 Single ]Band Matching 33 2.2.1 Matching with Lumped Elements 33 2.2.2 Different Ways to Accomplish a Single ]Band Matching 36 2.2.3 Matching with Both Transmission Line and Lumped Elements 39 2.2.4 Bandwidth Consideration 42 2.3 Dual ]Band Matching 50 2.4 Reconfigurable Matching 55 2.4.1 Reconfigurable Matching Varactor ]Based 55 2.4.2 Reconfigurable Matching Switch ]Based 60 References 63 3 External Antenna 65 3.1 Stubby Antennas 66 3.1.1 Single ]Band Helix Stubby Antenna 67 3.1.2 Multiband Helix Stubby Antenna 86 3.1.3 Ultra ]Wideband Stubby Antenna 109 3.2 Whip Stubby (Retractable) Antenna 117 3.2.1 Decoupled Whip Stubby Antenna 119 3.2.2 Semi ]Decoupled Whip Stubby Antenna 121 3.3 Meander Line Stubby Antenna 126 3.4 Effect of Ground Plane 131 References 136 4 Internal Antenna 138 4.1 Inverted ]F Antenna 141 4.2 Planar IFA 146 4.2.1 Single ]Band PIFA 146 4.2.2 Multiband PIFA Antenna with Slits 149 4.2.3 Multiband PIFA with Separate Branches 157 4.2.4 Multiband PIFA with Parasitic Element 158 4.2.5 Manufacturing PIFA Antenna 159 4.3 Folded Monopole Antenna 163 4.4 Loop Antenna 167 4.5 Ceramic Antenna 172 4.5.1 Monopole ]Type Ceramic Antenna 173 4.5.2 IFA ]Type Ceramic Antenna 176 4.5.3 Loop ]Type Ceramic Antenna 177 4.6 Slot Antenna 179 4.7 Design a Hepta ]Band Antenna with Multiple Radiators and Multiple Modes 185 4.8 Design a Reconfigurable Hepta ]Band Antenna 191 4.9 MIMO Antennas 200 4.9.1 Explaining Capacity Boost Effect Through the Antenna Point of View 200 4.9.2 Antenna Correlation and Antenna Isolation 207 4.9.3 Improve Isolation Between Antennas 209 4.10 Antennas in Recently Released Phones 211 4.10.1 Entry ]Level Phone 211 4.10.2 Flagship Phone 221 References 226 5 Antenna Measurement 229 5.1 Passive Antenna Measurement 229 5.1.1 Measurement on a Vector Network Analyzer 229 5.1.2 Fixture 234 5.1.3 Passive Chamber Measurement 246 5.2 Active Antenna (Over the Air) Measurement 253 5.2.1 EIRP, ERP, and TRP 253 5.2.2 EIS and TIS 256 5.2.3 Sensitivity Degradation Due to Interference 259 5.3 Antenna Measurements in the Production Line 262 5.4 Multiple Input and Multiple Output Antenna Test 271 References 275 6 Regulations Related to Antenna Engineers 276 6.1 Specific Absorption Rate 276 6.1.1 Definition and Measurement Method of SAR 277 6.1.2 SAR Limits in the United States and Europe 283 6.1.3 Controlling SAR 285 6.1.4 Updates on SAR Requirement 294 6.2 Hearing Aid Compatibility 296 6.2.1 HAC Measurement 296 6.2.2 HAC Specification in the United States 299 6.2.3 Updates on HAC Requirement 303 6.3 Electromagnetic Compatibility 304 References 305 Appendix: User Manual for ZJ-Antenna-Matching Software 307 Index 314

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